Treadmill at Play It Again Sports

Exercise machine

Case of modern treadmill

A treadmill is a device more often than not used for walking, running, or climbing while staying in the same place. Treadmills were introduced before the development of powered machines to harness the power of animals or humans to practice piece of work, ofttimes a type of mill operated by a person or animal treading the steps of a treadwheel to grind grain. In later times, treadmills were used as punishment devices for people sentenced to hard labor in prisons. The terms treadmill and treadwheel were used interchangeably for the power and punishment mechanisms.

More recently, treadmills accept instead been used as do machines for running or walking in one place. Rather than the user powering a manufacturing plant, the device provides a moving platform with a broad conveyor belt driven past an electrical motor or a flywheel. The chugalug moves to the rear, requiring the user to walk or run at a speed matching the chugalug. The rate at which the chugalug moves is the rate of walking or running. Thus, the speed of running may be controlled and measured. The more expensive, heavy-duty versions are motor-driven (usually by an electric motor). The simpler, lighter, and less expensive versions passively resist the motion, moving only when walkers button the belt with their feet. The latter are known every bit manual treadmills.

Treadmills go on to be the biggest selling do equipment category by a large margin. Every bit a issue, the treadmill industry has hundreds of manufacturers throughout the world.^[1]

History [edit]

William Staub, a mechanical engineer, developed the outset consumer treadmill for dwelling house employ.^[two] Staub adult his treadmill later reading the 1968 book, Aerobics past Kenneth H. Cooper. Cooper'due south book noted that individuals who ran for eight minutes four to v times a week would be in better physical status. Staub noticed that in that location were no affordable household treadmills at the time and decided to develop one for his own use during the tardily 1960s. He called his first treadmill the PaceMaster 600. Once finished, Staub sent his prototype treadmill to Cooper, who found the machine's starting time customers, including sellers of fitness equipment.

Staub began producing the first domicile treadmills at his plant in Clifton, New Jersey, before moving production to Little Falls, New Jersey.

Treadmills for power [edit]

Human-powered treadmill for grinding grain

This section needs expansion. Yous tin can assist by calculation to information technology. (February 2012)

Treadmills as power sources originated in antiquity.^[3] These ancient machines had three major types of blueprint.^[4] The start was a horizontal bar jutting out of a vertical shaft. It rotated around a vertical axis, driven past an ox or other creature walking in a circle and pushing the bar. Humans were also used to power these. The second design was a vertical bike, a treadwheel, that was powered by climbing in place instead of walking in circles. This is similar to what we know today every bit the hamster wheel. The third design also required climbing just used a sloped, moving platform instead.

Treadmills equally muscle powered engines originated roughly 4000 years agone.^{[ citation needed ]} Their chief employ was to lift buckets of water. This same engineering science was later adapted to create rotary grain mills and the treadwheel crane. It was also used to pump water and power dough-kneading machines and bellows.

Treadmills for punishment [edit]

Treadmill used to punish prisoners at Breakwater Prison house, Cape Town

Treadmills for punishment were introduced in 1818 by an English engineer named Sir William Cubitt, who was the son of a miller. Noting idle prisoners at Bury St Edmunds gaol, he proposed using their muscle power to both cure their idleness and produce useful work.^[v]

Cubitt's treadmills for punishment usually rotated around a horizontal axis, requiring the user to step upwards, like walking up an endless staircase. Those punished walked effectually the outside of the wheel property a horizontal handrail for stability. By the Prison house Act of 1865 every male prisoner over 16, sentenced to hard labour, had to spend three months at to the lowest degree of his sentence in labour of the outset class, which consisted primarily of the treadmill.^[half-dozen]

Punishment treadmills remained in use until the 2nd half of the 19th century; they were typically twenty-foot long paddle wheels with xx-four steps around a half dozen-foot cylinder. Several prisoners stood side-by-side on a wheel, and had to work six or more than hours a mean solar day, effectively climbing 5,000 to 14,000 vertical feet (1,500 to 4,000 one thousand). While the purpose was mainly castigating, the most infamous manufacturing plant at Brixton Prison house was installed in 1821 and used to grind grain to supplement an existing windmill which Cubitt had previously installed nearby. It gained notoriety for the cruelty with which it was used, which so became a popular satirical metaphor for early on-19th century prisons.

The machines could likewise exist used to pump water or ability ventilators in mines.^[seven] ^[8]

Exercise treadmills [edit]

The first US patent for a treadmill "preparation machine" (#1,064,968) was issued on June 17, 1913.^[9]

The forerunner of the exercise treadmill was designed to diagnose middle and lung diseases, and was invented by Robert Bruce and Wayne Quinton at the University of Washington in 1952.^[10] Kenneth H. Cooper's research on the benefits of aerobic exercise, published in 1968, provided a medical argument to support the commercial development of the home treadmill and exercise bike.

Among users of treadmills today are medical facilities (hospitals, rehabilitation centers, medical and physiotherapy clinics, institutes of higher teaching), sports clubs, biomechanics institutes, orthopedic shoe shops, running shops, Olympic training centers, universities, fire-preparation centers, NASA, exam facilities, police forces and armies, gyms and even domicile users.

Treadmill ergometers are now mainly motor driven. Almost treadmills accept a running deck with a rotating belt. Before and later on the running deck, in that location are two shafts. The belt is stretched betwixt the shafts and the running deck. Safety standards for treadmills are IEC EN 957-ane and IEC EN 957-half-dozen.

For medical treadmills applicative norms, standards and guidelines include the Medical Device Directive (MDD), European Guideline 93/42 EEC, European Guideline 2007/47 EEC, IEC EN 60601-1, EN 62304, EN 14971 and the machinery directive 2006/42/EC.

Medical treadmills are class IIb agile therapeutic devices and also active devices for diagnosis. With their very powerful (e.thou. iii.iii kW = 4.5 HP) electric motor powered bulldoze system, treadmills deliver mechanical energy to the human torso through the moving running chugalug of the treadmill. The field of study does not change their horizontal position and is passively moved and forced to catch upward with the running chugalug underneath their feet. The field of study can also be fastened in a safety harness, unweighting system, various supports or fifty-fifty fixed in and moved with a robotic orthotic system utilizing the treadmill.

Medical treadmills are too active measuring devices. When connected through an interface with ECG, ergospirometry, claret pressure monitor (BPM), or EMG, they go a new medical system (e.g., stress test system or cardiopulmonary rehabilitation arrangement) and can likewise be equipped to measure VO₂ max and various other vital functions.

Most treadmills have a "cardio mode", where a target heart charge per unit is defined and the speed and acme (load) is controlled automatically until the subject field is in "centre rate steady state". So the treadmill is delivering mechanical free energy to the human body based on the vital function (centre rate) of the subject.

A medical treadmill which is as well used for ergometry and cardiopulmonary stress test as well as functioning diagnostics is always a class IIb medical device either when used every bit stand-solitary device in a medical environment or when used in connection with an ECG, EMG, ergospirometry, or blood pressure monitoring device.

NASA astronaut T.J. Creamer, Expedition 22 flight engineer, equipped with a bungee harness, exercises on the Combined Operational Load Bearing External Resistance Treadmill (COLBERT) in the Harmony node of the International Space Station.

On the running deck the subject moves, adapting to the adaptable speed of the belt. The running deck is usually mounted on damping elements, so the running deck has shock absorbing characteristics. A lifting element raises the entire frame including the running deck, and simulating a pitch bending for uphill running. Some treadmills can as well reverse the running belt to simulate downhill loads. Well-nigh treadmills for professional person utilize in the fitness expanse accept table sizes of nigh 150 cm (59 in) long and l cm (twenty in) width, a speed range of about 0–20 km/h (0–12 mph) and gradient angle of 0-20%.

For athletes, larger and more stable treadmills are necessary. With some weight relief, sprinters reach temporary speeds of upwards to 45 km/h (28 mph) and must therefore run on a large deck of up to 300 cm (120 in) in length and up to 100 cm (39 in) in width. With loftier physical exertion and an increased hazard of falling, a fall stop unit is required to foreclose the subject or patient from falling. This autumn finish device normally takes the form of a safety curvation to which a line is attached to an electrical switch. A harness bears the discipline, preventing them from falling and shutting down the running belt if necessary.

In some offices, employees are provided with treadmill desks and so that employees tin can walk while working on a computer or speaking on the phone.^[11]

In handling centers, treadmills are used with built-in seats left and correct for therapists, for instance, so the therapists can move the legs of a stroke patient in gild to simulate walking movements and help them acquire to walk again. This is called manual locomotion therapy.

Oversized treadmills are also used for cycling at speeds up to 80 km/h (fifty mph), for wheelchair users and in special applications with sturdy running belts for cross-land skiing and biathlon, where athletes perform grooming and testing exercises with roller skis on a running deck of up to 450 cm × 300 cm (180 in × 120 in).

Advantages [edit]

Enable the user to adhere to an indoor do regime irrespective of the weather.
Cushioned tread can provide slightly lower impact training than running on outdoor surfaces. Although cushioned belts accept by and large been phased out and cushioned replacement belts may exist hard to find, many treadmills have prophylactic or urethane deck elastomers (cushions) which are superior in cushioning and last longer than cushioned belts. For a fourth dimension, assistant shaped flexible decks were available which were among the very all-time for cushioning and were priced at a mid-range level, simply these are no longer being sold, perhaps considering of the increased manufacturing cost of making flexible decks. Cushioned belts do not last equally long as regular belts due to their structure from weaker materials. For calorie called-for, incline tin exist used to significantly reduce touch on for a given charge per unit of free energy use.
Incline setting tin can permit for consistent "uphill" training that is not possible when relying on natural features.
Rate settings strength a consistent step.
Some treadmills have programmes and then that the user tin can simulate terrains, eastward.1000. rolling hills, to provide authentic, programmed, exercise periods.
The user tin watch TV whilst using the machine, thus preventing TV watching from being a sedentary activity.
User progress such every bit distance, calories burned, and center rate can exist tracked.^{[ commendation needed ]}

Disadvantages [edit]

As a cardiovascular exercise:

Some treadmill runners develop poor running habits that become apparent when they return to outdoor running. In particular a brusk, upright, bouncy gait may upshot from having no wind resistance and trying to avoid kick the motor covering with the forepart of the foot.
Imposes a strict step on runners, giving an unnatural feel to running which tin can cause a runner to lose balance.
Treadmill running is not specific to any sport, i.e., in that location is no competitive sport that really utilizes treadmill running. For instance, a competitive runner would be far better off running outdoors through space since it is more than specific and realistic to their event.
There are differences in temporal and athwart kinematics which should be considered when treadmills are used within a rehabilitation program.^[12]

As an indoor activity:

Many users discover treadmills monotonous and lose interest after a period.^[13]
Treadmills do non offer the psychological satisfaction some runners become from running in new locations abroad from the distractions of home.

As a machine:

May cause personal injury if not used properly. Of particular concern are children who achieve into the treadmill belt while information technology is running and suffer severe friction burns that in the worst case may require multiple skin grafts and result in lasting disability.^[14] Injury to children can exist avoided by removing the safety key when the treadmill is not in utilise, without which, the treadmill belt will not showtime.
Costs of purchase, electric costs, and possible repair are significantly greater than those of running outside.
Takes up space in homes.

Treadmill maintenance [edit]

A treadmill can lose its speed and operation if not maintained from fourth dimension to time. Starting from positioning of the treadmill to regular oil checks, a treadmill'due south longevity is determined by how information technology is maintained.

Placement [edit]

Ideally, a treadmill should exist placed on a leveled floor in lodge to ensure the chugalug and motor have a proper balanced movement. In case of uneven floors, the tiptop of either of the legs (rear or front legs) should be leveled out using a forest block or a brick.

Cleaning [edit]

Clay that gets accumulated on a treadmill can as well cause malfunction. Dirt on the belt or the deck is cleared by wiping the belt and the sides of the treadmill once or twice a month using a cloth or a moisture sponge.

Belt maintenance [edit]

The conveyor belt is an important office that is responsible for the performance of the treadmill. Regular maintenance for the belt includes

Lubrication
Alignment
Tension Maintenance

Other uses [edit]

As information technology is basically a conveyor belt, the treadmill can be used for activities other than running. If horses are existence tested (especially in jockey racing) they will be put on a specially constructed treadmill. Large treadmills can also accommodate cars. Treadmills tin can as well be used to exercise dogs that are accustomed to running on a conveyor; however, tying the leash to the treadmill should be avoided as it can cause serious injury.

Donkey powered well hoist

Military working dog, walks on an underwater treadmill to recover from an injury

Underwater treadmill [edit]

Underwater treadmills are a blazon of treadmill encased in drinking glass or plastic and filled with water to a point where the occupant is partially submerged. They are used for both humans and animals, often for physical therapy.^[fifteen]

Canis familiaris/pet and underwater pet treatment treadmills are available for both habitation and clinical use. A diverseness of makes and models are available, but key features of treadmills designed for pet use include a longer running surface, open front end and back entries and side track to foreclose the pet from falling off the treadmill. None are designed to be used without human supervision. Many veterinary and animal rehabilitation clinics also offering underwater treadmill therapy as part of their services provided to clients' pets.

Omnidirectional treadmill [edit]

Advanced applications are and then called omnidirectional treadmills. They are designed to motion in two dimensions and are intended as the base of operations for a "holodeck". Several solutions have been proposed, but research continues as some issues remain unsolved, such as large size, noise and vibration. Parallel developments are being conducted by researchers working on projects sponsored by the United states of america Department of Veterans Affairs to create virtual reality environments for a wheelchair trainer in gild to promote therapeutic exercise.^[xvi]

Run across as well [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Treadmills.

Bike riding on a treadmill
Cardiac stress test
Hamster bike
Naturmobil
Treadmill with Vibration Isolation Stabilization, a treadmill for use on lath the International Space Station
AlterG (Anti-Gravity Treadmill)
Endless slope (training treadmill for skiers and snowboarders)

References [edit]

^ "Elevation Treadmill Manufacturers in the USA". world wide web.thomasnet.com . Retrieved 2021-01-02 .
^ Douglas-Walton, Josh. "The History of the Treadmill". Health and Fitness Educational activity. Retrieved February thirteen, 2021.
^ Major, Kenneth (1980). "The Pre-Industrial Sources of Power: Musculus Power". History Today. Retrieved June 22, 2012.
^ "Histories and Precedents". University of Illinois at Chicago. Archived from the original on 2012-02-22. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
^ Cassie Arnold. "The Treadmill'south Prison Origins". Mental Floss, Inc (U.s.). Retrieved 2013-06-12 .
^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication at present in the public domain:Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Tread-factory". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 223.
^ Thompson, Irene (2008). The A-Z of penalisation and torture. Book Lodge Publishing. p. 134. ISBN978-1-84624-203-8. Archived from the original on 2013-07-30.
^ Cleveland Holt, Thomas (1992). The problem of freedom: race, labor, and politics in Jamaica and Britain, 1832-1938. JHU Press. p. 106. ISBN978-0-8018-4291-7.
^ "Patent US1064968 - Training-car. - Google Patents". Google.no. Retrieved 2014-07-22 .
^ Peyman, Brooke (March 31, 2011). "Can You Lose Tum Fat On A Treadmill?". Livestrong.com. Retrieved 2012-02-29 .
^ Katz, Mandy (September xvi, 2008). "I Put In v Miles at the Office". The New York Times – via NYTimes.com.
^ Chockalingam, Nachiappan; Chatterley, Faye; Healy, Aoife C.; Greenhalgh, Andrew; Branthwaite, Helen R. (December 2012). "Comparing of Pelvic Circuitous Kinematics During Treadmill and Overground Walking". Archives of Concrete Medicine and Rehabilitation. 93 (12): 2302–2308. doi:x.1016/j.apmr.2011.x.022. PMID 22365476.
^ Luff, Christine (September vi, 2009). "How To Vanquish Colorlessness on the Treadmill". verywellfit. About.com. Retrieved January 22, 2009.
^ Parker-Pope, Tara (May 27, 2009). "The Dangers of Treadmills". The New York Times . Retrieved January 22, 2009.
^ jjohnson@hastingstribune.com, Jarad Johnson. "Underwater treadmill used for concrete therapy". Hastings Tribune . Retrieved 2020-05-26 .
^ "Kinetic and physiological analysis of the GAMEWheels system". Periodical of Rehabilitation Research & Evolution. 39 (6): 627–634. November–December 2002.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treadmill